Abstract: The increasing prevalence of sleep problem and its’ detrimental effects on adolescents’ development have received substantial attention. Sleep problems has been linked to academic problems, anxiety or depressive symptoms, overweight, and externalizing problems. It is essential to understand the antecedents and outcomes of adolescents’ sleep problems in order to identify targeted interventions. There is considerable evidence suggesting that social connectedness with peers is a powerful predictor of adolescents’ sleep health. Previous studies have documented the role of negative social connectedness with peers in adolescents’ sleep quality. Deviant peer affiliation is a core characteristic of negative social connectedness with peers. To our knowledge, few research has focused on the association between deviant peer affiliation and adolescents’ sleep problems. Moreover, its causal direction has not been determined. Thus, this study used a two-wave cross-lagged panel analysis to explore the likely causal direction between deviant peer affiliation and adolescents’ sleep problems. Participants were 887 adolescents (43.90% boys; Mage = 15.55) who provided self-report data on deviant peer affiliation and sleep quality as well as demographic variables at the beginning and the end of a school year. We used the questionnaire of deviant peer affiliation developed by our study team to assess deviant peer affiliation. In addition, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure adolescents’ sleep problems. All the measures have good reliability and validity. We first calculated descriptive statistics for our variables of interest, followed by bivariate associations among these variables in SPSS 21.0 software, and the follow-up cross-lagged model was conducted using Mplus 7.0. After controlling for sex and age, we found that sleep problems at the beginning of the school year were a significant and positive predictor of deviant peer affiliation at the end of the school year (b2 = 0.12, SE = .05, p < .05), but deviant peer affiliation at the beginning of the school year did not predict sleep problems at the end of the school year (b1 = –0.07, SE = .06, p > .05). In summary, the current study is an important step towards a better understanding of the relation between deviant peer affiliation and adolescents’ sleep problems. It shows that higher level of sleep problems predicted more deviant peer affiliation over time, rather than the reversed direction. Attempts to decrease adolescents’ deviant peer affiliation should consider the importance of a good night’s sleep given the evidence that sleep problems can serve as a risk factor for deviant peer affiliation. These findings contribute to understanding the antecedents and outcomes of adolescents’ sleep problems and have important implications for interventions aimed at boosting adolescents’ positive development.

Key words: deviant peer affiliation, sleep problems , adolescence , a cross-lagged panel analysis

摘要： 本研究采用交叉滞后设计探讨越轨同伴交往与青少年睡眠问题之间的双向关系。通过越轨同伴交往问卷与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）对广东省某地区887名青少年（43.90%男生; M = 15.55）进行为期一学年的追踪研究。在控制了性别、年龄后，结果发现:（1）学年初始的睡眠问题可以显著正向预测青少年学年末的越轨同伴交往（b2 = 0.12, SE = .05, p < .05），即青少年在学年初始睡眠问题越多，学年末则表现出更多的越轨同伴交往；（2）研究并未发现学年初始的青少年越轨同伴交往可以显著预测其学年末的睡眠问题（b1 = –0.07, SE = .06, p > .05）。因此，本研究的结果支持了睡眠问题对青少年越轨同伴交往的单向预测作用，即睡眠问题可能是增加青少年越轨同伴交往的重要风险因素之一。

关键词: 结交越轨同伴, 睡眠问题 , 青少年 , 交叉滞后研究