Abstract
Sensorimotor experience is the basis and key to connect time and space. Reading order and writing habits directly affect the orientation of mental timelines and play a decisive role in the horizontal mental timelines. This study aimed to investigate how sensorimotor experiences such as visual and reading habits affect the formation of mental time in the blind.
In experiment 1 and 2 we used the phrases in a day such as “read a bed time story” as stimuli. Both sighted and blind students in the third grade of primary school were taken as participants. In each trial, words were presented in both the left and right ear at the same time. There were four blocks for each participant. In block 1, if the stimulus was earlier than noon, participants pressed the “D” key. And if it was later than noon, they pressed the “K” key. In block 2, the rules for keystrokes were reversed. The rules of the first two and the latter two blocks were conterbalanced among the participants. In experiment 3 and 4 we used words describing time such as “morning” or “past” as stimuli. The participants were recruited from first-year junior high school.
The experiment 1 showed that sighted students react fast in the “early-left, late-right” rule, indicating the left-right mental time line had occurred. However, there was no difference between early stimuli with left response and late stimuli with right response. The results of experiment 2 produced similar results. In experiment 3 and 4, we found both the sighted and blind students of first-year junior high school demonstrated an early-left, late-right mental time line, and the response time of the blind were longer.
For the blind, no time-space consistency was found in the third grade of primary school, indicating that visual experience plays a foundational role in the formation of mental timeline, at least in the early stages of life. Reading training may play a decisive role in shaping the direction of mental timelines. The blind need to experience a certain period of reading and other trainings can compensate for the lack of information in the visual channel. On the whole, this study show that visual perception is the basis of mental time line, and reading experience and writing training directly affect the formation of mental time line. In the different stages of psychological development, different factors affect development of mental timeline.
Key words
time /
space /
blindness /
sensorimotor experience
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Sensorimotor Experience Affects the Formation of Mental Timeline:The Evidence from Blind[J]. Journal of Psychological Science. 2021, 44(5): 1064-1072
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