Abstract: Purpose: As a global public health event, COVID-19 has become a major source of stress. Under the influence of COVID-19, people’s psychological adjustment is worthy of attention. As proposed by previous researchers, appraisal and coping played an important role in potential stressful event like COVID-19. To understand people’s cognitive and behavioral reaction during this special period, as well as the psychological influence caused by COVID-19, this study investigated the feature of and the relationship among controllability appraisal, forward focus coping, trauma focus coping, depression and anxiety. Based on previous studies and theories, a multivariable multiple mediation model was established, in which coping was supposed to mediate the relationship between controllability appraisal and depression/anxiety. Methods: Researchers collected 1372 online questionnaires from 13 provinces on February 7th. Apart from demographic information such as age and gender, the Stress Appraisal Measurement scale, the Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma scale, CES-D 11 and GAD 7 were used to measure target variables. SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze descriptive statistics, the Cronbach α coefficient and the multiple collinearity. A latent variable structural equation model analysis was conducted through Amos 21.0 to testify the purposed multivariable multiple mediation model. Results: The proposed multivariable multiple mediation model was approved statistically: X2/df = 6.31, RMSEA = 0.06, IFI = 0.93, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.94. The results showed that: (1) Controllable-by-self negatively predicted depression and anxiety, but controllable-by-others did not predict depression/anxiety; (2) Controllable-by-self positively predicted forward focus coping, but did not predict trauma focus coping; (3) Controllable-by-others positively predicted both forward focus coping and trauma focus coping; (4) Forward focus coping negatively predicted depression/anxiety while trauma focus coping presented a positive prediction. (5) Forward focus coping was a mediator between controllable-by-self and depression/anxiety; (6) Trauma focus coping was a mediator between controllable-by-self and depression/anxiety as well as between controllable-by-others and depression/anxiety. Conclusion and Discussion: To summary, the proposed multivariable multiple mediation model was partially support and revealed a complicated pattern among variables. This study explored and discussed the complex mechanisms and effects of controllability appraisal, coping and psychological adjustment during COVID-19. Future research may focus on the dynamic process of appraisal, coping and adjustment through lunching longitudinal studies. The quantitative and objective measure of coping flexibility is also of vital importance in order to understand the mechanism and influence of different coping strategies. The antecedent variables of appraisal should also be inquired to understand the psychological effects caused by COVID-19 comprehensively.

Key words: COVID-19, controllable-by-self, controllable-by-others, forward focus coping, trauma focus coping, depression, anxiety

摘要： 作为全球性公共卫生事件，新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情成为潜在心理应激事件。本研究以线上问卷调研形式在疫情爆发上升期考察了民众对此疫情的可控性评估及应对方式对抑郁焦虑的影响。结果表明：（1）自控性显著负向预测抑郁焦虑，他控性对抑郁焦虑无显著预测作用；（2）前行应对显著负向预测抑郁焦虑，创伤应对显著正向预测抑郁焦虑；（3）前行应对在自控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用，即自控性通过正向预测前行应对进而负向预测抑郁焦虑；（4）前行应对在他控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用，即他控性通过正向预测前行应对进而对抑郁焦虑产生积极影响；（5）然而，创伤应对也在他控性与抑郁焦虑之间起中介作用，即他控性通过正向预测创伤应对对抑郁焦虑产生消极影响。本研究对可控性评估和应对方式对抑郁焦虑的影响以及应对方式的中介作用进行了探究与讨论。

关键词: 新冠肺炎疫情, 自控性, 他控性, 前行应对, 创伤应对, 抑郁, 焦虑