Abstract: Estimating when the occluded moving object arrives at a particular location is called the time to contact. Based on the occlusion paradigm, two experiments (2 physical velocity ×3 time structure) were designed to investigate the impact of the three factors on the TTC by manipulating the time structure, physical velocity and visual velocity. Results: When the time structure is consistent, there is no significant difference in the participants' performance whether the physical speed was fast or slow and whether there were visual speed cues. When the time structure is inconsistent, regardless of the physical speed, the AE of participants under the condition with visual velocity is less than that under the condition without visual velocity. Conclusion: when the time structure is consistent, the participants mainly apply the time structure cue to estimate TTC. However, when the time structure is inconsistent, the participants estimate TTC by integrating the time structure cue and the visual velocity cue.

Key words: time to collision, time structure, physical velocity, visual velocity

摘要： 估计被遮挡的运动物体何时到达某一特定位置称为碰撞时间估计。本研究利用遮挡范式，通过控制时间结构、物理速度及运动过程是否可见设计两个（2物理速度×3时间结构）实验来探究三者对碰撞时间估计的影响。结果：当时间结构一致时，不论物理速度快慢及是否存在视觉速度线索，被试的绩效都没有显著差异；当时间结构不一致时，不论物理速度快慢，存在视觉速度条件下被试的绝对偏差小于无视觉速度条件。结论：时间结构一致时，被试主要使用时间线索进行碰撞时间估计；时间结构不一致时，被试通过整合时间结构和视觉速度线索进行估计。

关键词: 碰撞时间 时间结构 物理速度 视觉速度