Abstract: Priming studies with adult readers have provided evidence for the activation of morpho-semantics during the processing of words with the appearance of morphological complexity. The present studies investigated whether evidence for the effects of morpho-semantics can be obtained with developing readers. Chinese third, fifth graders and adults (the latter as a control group) performed lexical decision tasks in which opaque and transparent words were primes and targets to each other. There are still the other two control conditions, in which both opaque and transparent targets were preceded by the form and morphological unrelated control words. Results showed that across all groups, when primes and targets share the same morphemes, the correct rate of the transparent words was significant higher than that of the opaque words; but when primes and targets had no such relationship, participants responded more quickly and accurately to the opaque words. This pattern of results indicates that morpho-semantics could play an important role even in developing readers.

Key words: children, morpheme, morpho-semantics, Chinese word recognition

摘要： 采用启动范式，利用词素语义透明度效应，在汉语词汇识别过程中探讨了三、五年级儿童对词素语义的加工。实验采用3×2×2混合因素设计，变量分别为年级（三年级vs.五年级vs.成人）、启动词类型(词形相关vs.词形无关)和目标词类型(透明词vs.不透明词)。结果发现启动词类型和目标词类型交互作用显著，当词形相关时，被试对透明词判断的正确率更高；当词形无关时，被试对不透明词判断的正确率更高，反应时更快。此外，未发现启动词类型、目标词类型和年级两者或三者的交互作用。结果说明三、五年级儿童在汉语词汇阅读过程中，词素语义可以被激活并影响到当前词汇的加工，词形相似性会对这种词素语义透明度效应产生影响。此外，词素语义透明度效应在三、五年级以及成人间保持稳定。

关键词: 儿童, 词素, 词素语义, 词汇识别