Abstract: Attentional control is directly affected by rewards. There is no consensus on how the history of reward affects attentional control. When stimuli are associated with reward, their visual features will acquire high attentional priority to that stimulus possessing those features can involuntarily the capture attention. However, studies have shown that rewarding history can promote later performance. This study intends to use the point detection paradigm to explore the effect of previous reward histories on top-down attentional control. Did previous reward histories promote top-down control or interfere with top-down attentional control? Two experiments were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 explored the influence of reward history on top-down attentional control through whether there were rewards in the two stages of manipulation. Experiment 2 used the same experimental method as experiment 1 to change the reward conditions and further explore the stability of reward history in promoting top-down attentional control. The amount of reward in the reward -- no-reward group was changed from 100 yuan to 500 yuan, to further explore the stability of the results of experiment 1 and the mode in which the reward effect worked. It also examined whether increasing the reward amount in the second stage would continue to improve performance after the reward had been given in the first stage. The results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference in the two-stage reaction time between the reward- no-reward groups. In no-reward - reward group, there was a significant difference between the two stages, and the overall response of the reward phase was significantly shorter than that of the non-reward phase. There is an increased incentive to reward history for current tasks. In experiment 2, there was no difference between the two stages of reaction time in the high-reward -no-reward group. There was a significant difference in the overall response between the low-reward - high-reward groups. The overall reaction time was significantly shorter in the high-reward phase than in the low-reward phase. The results are consistent with experiment 1, which further proves that reward history promotes top-down attentional control. The present findings demonstrate that: In the top-down attentional control, the attention-behavior model in the case of reward incentive will continue to the later stage, which will promote the later task and show the continuous enhancement effect on the top-down attentional control.

Key words: reward, reward history, top-down attentionalcontrol, target template, attentional capture

摘要： 奖赏能够影响注意控制，但是关于奖赏历史对注意控制的影响还处于争论之中。本研究以大学生为被试，采用点探测范式，操作了奖赏历史和奖赏额度，考察了奖赏历史对自上而下注意控制的调节作用。实验一结果发现，有奖赏-无奖赏条件下前后阶段反应时无显著差异，无奖赏-有奖赏条件下有奖赏阶段的反应时显著短于无奖赏阶段。实验二操作了奖赏额度，结果与实验一一致。整个研究表明，奖赏历史促进自上而下注意控制，先前奖赏对随后自上而下注意控制产生持续促进效应。

关键词: 奖赏, 奖赏历史, 自上而下注意控制, 目标模板, 注意捕获