Abstract: The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes effect (a.k.a., the SNARC effect) is characterized by the case in which the responses are much faster made by the left hand for relatively small, in magnitude, numbers versus that made by the right hand, whereas the opposite pattern holds for relatively large numbers. To explain the SNARC effect, Dehaene et al. initially proposed the mental number line (MNL) theory, which posited that abstract numbers are represented in the brain via a manner of small numbers on the left while large numbers on the right, forming a left-to-right mental number line. The SNARC effect is the production of the consistent representation between the number’s position on the mental number line and the spatial position response. Series of studies confirmed the key role of spatial references, especially egocentric references of the SNARC effect, they may be flexible whose activation depend on the experimental conditions. However, the spatial coding based on the theory of MNL was limited to the visuospatial information, and it was not able to distinguish the activation conditions of the SNARC effect egocentric references. In addition to the theory of MNL, Gevers et al. (2010) offered a visuospatial and verbal-spatial double coding theory to explain the SNARC effect. In the circumstance of the visuospatial encoding of the theory of MNL, the spatial references of the SNARC effect either activated a manner of body-centered, hand-based, or finger-based. Nevertheless, in the case where both the visuospatial information and the verbal-spatial information work, which pattern of the spatial reference of the SNARC effect will be activated requires further exploration. Therefore, the current study intended to set up three response types via the left hand, right hand, or both hands. We assumed that in the case where both the visuospatial information and the verbal-spatial information work a fashion of body-centered spatial reference will be activated. As expected, neither the intensity of the SNARC effect nor the corresponding number-space mapping patterns showed difference among these response conditions, such a pattern held under the condition that the visuospatial information and verbal-spatial information worked together. These results confirmed that, when both visuospatial information and verbal-spatial information are concerned, a pattern of body-centered spatial reference was activated in the SNARC effect. These findings suggest that the involvement of verbal-spatial information helps to activate the body-centered spatial reference system in the SNARC effect.

Key words: SNARC effect, visuospatial information, verbal-spatial information, spatial reference

摘要： 已有研究显示，SNARC效应存在多个灵活的空间参照系统，可在不同的实验条件下激活。心理数字线理论对于SNARC效应空间编码的理解仅局限于物理空间层面，并不能很好地甄别SNARC效应空间参照系统的激活条件。研究以视觉空间和言语空间双编码理论为基础，考查在视觉空间信息与言语空间信息共同作用下，单手（左手或右手）与双手反应下SNARC效应的空间参照特点。结果显示，在视觉空间信息与言语空间信息共同作用下，左手、右手和双手反应下均出现了典型SNARC效应，且左手、右手和双手反应下的数字空间映射模式相似。研究结果证实，在视觉-空间与言语空间信息共同作用下仅激活SNARC效应多个灵活的空间参照系统中的身体中心为基础的参照系统，说明言语空间信息的参与有助于激活该效应中身体中心为基础的空间参照系统。

关键词: SNARC效应, 视觉空间信息, 言语空间信息, 空间参照