Abstract: At present, the information transmission of human-computer interface relies more and more on the visual information in which the icon plays an important role as the carrier of information transmission. The design of radar interface icon will affect pilots' memory about interface information, which even cause the loss of situation awareness of pilots. However, in the current radar interface, weak semantic icons are used more frequently. Meanwhile, previous researches on icons do not consider the time pressure. Therefore, we want to explore the effect of icon semantic distance on working memory information extraction of radar interface under different time pressures. In this study, We designed two experiments to explore the above problems. Experiment 1 was conducted under no time pressure, we adopted 2 (icon semantic distance: weak semantic icon, strong semantic icon) × 5 (number of targets: 2,3,4,5,6) × 3 (target type: enemy aircraft, friendly aircraft, unidentified flying objects) within-subjects design. In experiment 1, subjects need to observe pictures to make corresponding responses, such as answering questions by pressing the key. Each picture presented 4 times, and each participant completed 120 trails in total. The eprime2.0 recorded the accuracy and reaction time of responses. In Experiment 2, in order to control the time pressure, the time for the participants to remember pictures was limited, which was half that of experiment 1. Other processes were the same as experiment 1.The number of participants was the same in the two experiments. After repeated measurement analysis of variance, the results showed that the response of strong semantic icon is faster than that of weak semantic icon only under time pressure[F(1,23)=6.90,p=.015,η2=.23]. The advantage of strong semantic icon under time pressure is also reflected in the accuracy of memory[F(1,23)=16.01,p=.001,η2=.41]. When the number of target is 3, the reaction is fastest and more accurate. At the same time, the response of enemy aircraft is longer than that of the friend aircraft and unidentified flying objects. According to the results of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, we explored the role of time pressure which as the between subject variable. Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to analyze the data of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. We found that the interaction between icon semantic distance and time pressure is significant in the accuracy of question answer, but marginal significance in response time. In conclusion, working memory information extraction was used to explore the influence of icon semantic distance on radar interface information under different time pressures in this research. The results showed that strong semantic icon was easier to memory than weak semantic icon in radar interface under time pressure. Therefore, it is suggested that the icon design of radar interface should consider the icon semantic distance in the case of the same complexity and familiarity. At the same time, the interface information should not present too much content, which is better for pilots to recall the important information.

Key words: icon semantic distance, time pressure, working memory, limitation of visual memory

摘要： 本研究分别在无时间压力和有时间压力的条件下,通过两个实验探究了图标语义距离?目标数量以及目标类型对雷达界面信息工作记忆的影响?结果发现无时间压力下图标语义距离在工作记忆的编码提取上没有差异,而有时间压力下,强语义图标相较于弱语义图标在工作记忆的提取上具有优势;且无论是在无时间压力下还是有时间压力下,工作记忆容量最佳为3个目标项;对敌机的提取时长于友机长于不明飞行物?结果表明仅在有时间压力下强语义图标在信息提取上具有优势,验证了工作记忆容量的限制,为雷达界面的设计提供了参考意见?

关键词: 图标语义距离, 时间压力, 工作记忆, 视觉记忆局限