Abstract: From previous studies, we had found three problems to be experimental researched: (1) Whether there was a significant difference in the negative emotional regulation effect of cognitive reappraisal between the young, the middle and the elderly had not been determined; (2) Whether emotional adjustment time affects the effect of positive cognitive reappraisal needs further experimental verification; (3) At present, there were no experimental studies comparing whether there were significant differences in the negative emotional regulation effect and success degree of cognitive reappraisal between juveniles, youths, middle and elderly peoples. Therefore, we conducted three experimental researched to examine whether there were significant differences in the regulatory effect and success degree of negative emotions between the two kinds cognitive reappraisals of detached and positivity in juveniles, youths, middle and elderly peoples. In this paper, negative and neutral images were selected as experimental materials. The full task design included 2 factors, image valence (Negative or Neutral) and regulation instruction (Positive, Detached and Reactivity). The independent variables were the image valence and regulation instruction, and the dependent variables were the effect of emotion regulation and the success degree of emotion regulation. We selected youths as participants in experiment one. On each trial, participants were initially presented with an instructional cue (Close, Detached or Positive) for 2 s followed by a image stimulus for 8 s. During the image stimulus presentation, participants implemented the strategy they had been cued to use. Following this, participants saw a fixation interval for 3 s and subsequently rated their current affective state (1 = Not at all bad, 5 = Very bad) for 3 s. After completion of the regulation task, the participants were asked how successful they implemented the strategy they had been cued to use. We selected middle and elderly peoples as participants in experiment two. The experimental procedure was similar to that of experiment one, the difference was that no time limit at the self-rating stage, and the self-rating on the computer screen disappeared with the keystroke response of the participants. We selected juveniles as participants in experiment three. The experimental procedure was the same as experiment two. The results showed that the success degree of the detached reappraisal was significantly higher than that of the positive reappraisal (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the regulation effect of the two types of cognitive reappraisal in juveniles (p > 0.05). The effect of positive reappraisal in youths was significantly better than that of detached reappraisal (p < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in the success degree of the two types of cognitive reappraisal (p > 0.05). The effect of positive reappraisal in middle and elderly peoples was significantly better than that of detached reappraisal (p < 0.001), and the success degree of the positive reappraisal was significantly higher than that of the detached reappraisal (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the effect of the two types of cognitive reappraisal strategies on negative emotion in three kinds of participants (p > 0.05), but the success degree of the detached reappraisal in youths were significantly higher than that in juveniles, middle and elderly peoples (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference between juveniles, middle and elderly peoples (p > 0.05). The success degree of negative emotion regulation in positive reappraisal of youths, middle and elderly peoples were all significantly higher than that of juveniles (p < 0.001; p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between youths, middle and elderly peoples (p> 0.05). The results demonstrated that there were different regulation effects of positive and detached reappraisal strategies on negative emotions in three age groups, and three age groups also have different regulatory success degree.

Key words: Detached reappraisal, Positive reappraisal, Juveniles, Youths, Middle and elderly peoples

摘要： 考察了少年、青年和中老年两种认知重评在负性情绪调节效果和成功程度上的差异。差异分析表明：少年分离认知重评的成功程度显著高于积极认知重评；青年积极认知重评的情绪调节效果显著好于分离认知重评；中老年积极认知重评的情绪调节效果和成功程度均显著好于分离认知重评。三组被试两种认知重评的情绪调节效果之间均无显著差异。青年分离认知重评的成功程度分别显著高于少年和中老年；青年和中老年积极认知重评的成功程度均显著高于少年。

关键词: 分离认知重评, 积极认知重评, 少年, 青年, 中老年