Abstract: Environmental Sensitivity Model on child development integrated the views of Diathesis-Stress Model, Differential Susceptibility Model, Vantage Sensitivity Model, Biological Sensitivity to Context Model, and Sensory Processing Sensitivity Model into one meta-framework to explain how biological factors such as genes interact with environmental factors to contribute to child development. Environmental Sensitivity Model employs the concept of environmental sensitivity instead of vulnerability, susceptibility, biological sensitivity, vantage sensitivity, or sensory processing sensitivity to illustrate how biological factors such as genes interact with environmental factors to contribute to child development. Children differ substantially in Environmental Sensitivity, with some more sensitivity than others and thus with some being more affected by environmental factors than others. Environmental Sensitivity Model suggests that interactive effects between sensitivity genes and environmental factors shape sensitivity of the central nervous system. Heightened central nervous system sensitivity is then manifested in psychological/behavioral and physiological responsivity. Environmental Sensitivity Model provides an integrated theoretical framework for understanding child development from triple interaction of gene- central nervous system function- environmental factors and provides new explanations for the diversity of child development. A large number of studies explored how gene sensitivity, neurosensitivity, and temperamental sensitivity interact with environmental factors to contribute to child development and provided some evidence for the view of Environmental Sensitivity Model. Future studies should develop more valid and reliable psychological and biological measures of children’s environmental sensitivity. Future studies should employ multiple methods and means to examine how sensitivity genes interact with environmental factors to contribute to central nervous system function sensitivity and then contribute to children’s development.

摘要： 儿童发展的环境敏感性模型是在整合素质-压力模型、差别易感性模型、优势敏感性模型、情境生物敏感性模型以及感觉加工敏感性模型理论观点的基础上提出来的一个关于个体与环境因素如何交互影响儿童发展的元理论框架。该模型认为儿童的环境敏感性即儿童感知和加工周围环境刺激信息的能力不同，其发展受到环境影响的大小就不同，高环境敏感性儿童受到环境影响大，低环境敏感性儿童受到环境影响小。儿童的环境敏感性是儿童携带的敏感基因与早期环境交互作用的结果，敏感基因与早期环境共同塑造了中枢神经系统功能的敏感性，从而导致儿童对环境刺激的心理、生理与行为反应不同。大量实证研究表明，存在基因多态性、神经生理与气质等不同的潜在环境敏感性因子。儿童发展的环境敏感性模型的提出，为从基因-神经生理-环境三项交互作用系统探讨儿童发展的多样性提供了理论框架。

关键词: 儿童发展，环境敏感性，模型