Abstract: Factors impacting on whether and how attitude predicts behavioral outcomes are crucial for attitude research. Previous theoretical and empirical attitude researches focused mainly on explicit attitude. According to implicit social cognition, individuals can hold simultaneously explicit and implicit evaluation toward the same object. Moreover, for some attitude object, explicit attitude assessed by traditional self-report measure is unrelated qualitatively to implicit attitude, which mostly based on the response-time or indirect measures such as IAT, GNAT or EAST. Associative-propositional evaluation model(APE, Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006, 2007), one of the most influential dual-process model in the implicit social cognition, provides the integrative theoretical framework for understanding the relationships between explicit attitude, implicit attitude and behavior(Hofmann, Gschwendner, Friese, Wiers, & Schmitt, 2008; Hofmann, Rauch, & Gawronski, 2007). Much less attention has been placed on the role of emotion in the relationship of explicit-implicit correspondence and implicit attitude-behavior. Some studies have revealed that emotional states influence the relationship between explicit attitude and implicit attitude. Compared with individuals with negatively feelings, individuals who experience a lot of positive emotions showed higher explicit-implicit attitude consistency(Huntsinger & Smith, 2009; Huntsinger, Sinclair, & Clore, 2009). An important but often ignored research topic, the role of emotional states in the relationship among explicit attitude, implicit attitude and behavior remains to be answered. Based on APE model, this study aimed to explore the role of emotion played in the transforming implicit attitude into explicit attitude, and the relationships between emotion, attitude and behavior accordingly. Subjects aged 19 through 22 years old were recruited on a university campus and paid 5 RMB for participating. The study consisted of two sessions. In the first session, 123 subjects completed a self-report questionnaire for assessing their explicit attitude toward eight kinds of food (including fruit and potato chips). A week later, 64 subjects agreed to participate a supposedly unrelated study and completed the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to assess their implicit attitude toward potato chips and PANAS. After that, an experimenter requested subjects to view randomly one of movie clips (comedy clips for positive emotion induction or tragedy clips for negative emotion induction) for the purpose of having a rest, and give them fruit and potato chips to eat 5 minutes before the end of movie clips. The weight of potato chips eaten in 5 minutes was measured and recorded as a dependent variable. As before, this study has verified the predictive effect of explicit attitude on the individuals’ behavior. The more positive attitude toward potato chips individuals hold, the more they eat during the viewing the movie. But this effect seemly cannot be applied to implicit attitude. Whether implicit attitude influences behavior relies on individuals’ emotional states, with implicit attitude influencing behavior among individuals in the state of positive emotional feeling, but not individuals with negative emotion. These results consist with the central hypothesis of Dual-Process Models of Social Information (Fazio, 1990; Strack & Deutsch, 2004; Hofmanna, Friese & Wiers, 2008) and Associative-Propositional Evaluation Model (Gawronski & Bodenhausen, 2006, 2007), and demonstrate the critical role emotion plays in implicit attitude-behavior relation. Besides, theoretical significance and limitation of this study and future directions were also discussed. Keywords: associative-propositional evaluation model; explicit attitude; implicit attitude; emotion

Key words: associative-propositional evaluation model, explicit attitude, implicit attitude, emotion

摘要： 以Gawronski & Bodenhausen（2006）提出的联结性-推理性评价模型（associative-propositional evaluation model, APE）为基础，分析情绪在内隐态度向外显态度转化过程中的作用，以及情绪、态度与行为的关系。研究通过操纵被试的情绪状态（积极或消极），分析了不同情绪下个体对薯片的外显态度、内隐态度对其在五分钟内食用薯片数量的预测作用。研究发现，外显态度可以预测行为结果；而内隐态度对行为结果的预测受到情绪的调节，积极情绪下内隐态度能够预测行为结果，消极情绪下内隐态度不预测行为结果。因此，与消极情绪相比，积极情绪降低了个体对内隐态度进行修正的可能性，促使个体基于内隐态度直接构建外显态度，从而使得内隐态度能够预测行为结果。研究最后分析了情绪影响内隐态与行为之间关系的心理机制、本研究的理论价值及未来的研究方向。

关键词: 联结性-推理性评价模型, 外显态度, 内隐态度, 情绪