心理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (3): 556-566.DOI: 10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.20250305

• 基础、实验与功效 • 上一篇    下一篇

问题性社交媒体使用大学生风险决策倾向的特异性*

陈段段1, 曹美1,2, 杨海波**1,3   

  1. 1天津师范大学心理学部,天津,300387;
    2曲阜师范大学翻译学院,日照,276826;
    3学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津,300387
  • 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-30
  • 通讯作者: **杨海波,E-mail:yanghaibo@tjnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    *本研究得到国家自然科学基金项目 (32271140)和天津师范大学研究生科研创新项目(2022KYCX126Y)的资助

The Specific Risk-Taking Propensity in Decision Making among Problematic Social Media Users

Chen Duanduan1, Cao Mei1,2, Yang Haibo1,3   

  1. 1School of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387;
    2School of Translation, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826;
    3Tianjin Social Science Laboratory of Students' Mental Development and Learning, Tianjin, 300387
  • Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-30

摘要: 采用眼动追踪技术,探讨社交媒体相关信息影响问题性社交媒体使用大学生风险决策倾向的特异性。实验1使用财富之轮任务考察问题性社交媒体使用大学生风险决策倾向的特征,结果发现相较于对照组,问题组有更长的反应时和总注视时间,且在高风险水平下更少做出风险选择,表现出风险规避特征。实验2通过操纵社交媒体相关信息和中性信息来考察这种影响过程的特异性,结果显示,有效线索水平下,问题组选择风险选项的次数显著增加,首次到达时间也显著增加,而在对照组中则无此现象。整个研究表明,问题性社交媒体使用会影响风险决策倾向,社交媒体相关信息对问题性社交媒体使用大学生的风险决策的影响具有特异性,其风险决策倾向更为冒险,表现为风险寻求。

关键词: 问题性社交媒体使用, 风险决策倾向, I-PACE模型, 注意

Abstract: Problematic social media use (PSMU) is discussed as a potential additional type of disorders resulting from addictive behaviors. The I-PACE (Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition Execution) model illustrates the mechanisms and processes thought to be relevant to the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors, potentially including problematic social media use. The interaction of affective and cognitive components (e.g., the confrontation with addiction-related cues leading to cue reactivity and craving and decision making) is assumed to result in a continuation of the behavior (e.g., use of social networks). Dysfunctional decision making, reflecting this imbalance, is considered as a risk factor for and a consequence of an addictive behavior. To investigate the specificity of the influence of social media-related information on the risk decision-making tendencies of college students with PSMU, we conducted two studies.
Experiment 1 employed the Wheel of Fortune task to examine the characteristics of risk decision-making tendencies among college students with problematic social media use, and used a 2 (participant type: PSMU group, control group) × 2 (risk level: low, high) mixed design with participant type as a between-subjects variable. First, we screened participants using three scales via Wenjuanxing, resulting in a problem group of 35 individuals and a healthy control group of 36 individuals. Subsequently, we utilized the Eyelink 1000 plus eye tracker, developed by SR Research in Canada, with a sampling rate of 1000Hz to collect participants' eye movement metrics during the experiment. Prior to the official start of the experiment, participants underwent eye-tracking calibration, followed by the presentation of instructions and confirmation of their understanding. The experiment consisted of a practice session and a formal session. The experimental procedure began with the presentation of a solid dot at the center of the screen, requiring participants to fixate on it. This was followed by a drift correction, which was accepted if the deviation was less than 0.8 degrees. After the fixation point disappeared, the task options were presented, and participants made their choice by pressing the F or J key. The results revealed that, compared to the control group, the problematic group had longer reaction times (F(1, 63) = 5.91, p = .018, ηp2= .08) and total fixation durations (F(1,63) = 4.51, p = .038, ηp2 = .07). Additionally, they made fewer risky choices at high risk levels, demonstrating a risk-averse characteristic.
In Experiment 2, we incorporated social media-related information and neutral information to examine the specificity of the impact on risk decision making, using a 2 (participant type: PSMU, HC) × 2 (risk level: low, high) × 3(conditions: baseline, consistent,inconsistent) mixed design. Unlike Experiment 1, Experiment 2 added a cue screen before the choice screen. The results showed that, the interaction between participant type and condition was significant in terms of the number of times risk options were chosen, with F(2,128) = 3.37, p = .037, and ηp2= .05. Simple effect analysis revealed that there was no significant difference among the three levels of the condition in the control group. However, the problem group showed a higher frequency of choosing risk options at the consistent level compared to the inconsistent level. The interaction between participant type and condition was significant for first arrival time, with F(2,128) = 4.75, p = .010, and ηp2 = .07. Simple effect analysis showed that at the consistent level, the first arrival time of the problem group was longer than that for the control group. Additionally, the problem group's first arrival time was significantly longer at the consistent level than at the baseline level, while there was no significant difference in the control group across the different levels of the condition.
This indicates that problematic social media use influences risk decision-making tendencies. The impact of social media-related information on the risk decisions of college students with problematic social media use is specific, making their risk decision-making tendencies more adventurous, manifesting as risk-seeking behavior.

Key words: PSMU, risk-taking propensity, I-PACE, attention