Abstract: Good psychological suzhi is key to maintaining and developing students'mental health. Strengthening research on the psychological qualities of minority college students has great theoretical and practical significance. In Study 1, the measurement invariance of the College Student Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire-Simplified Version (CSPS-SV) was tested on Han and minority college students to confirm whether the questionnaire is suitable for assessing the psychological suzhi of Chinese minority college students. In Study 2, the CSPS-SV was used to conduct a nationwide online survey on a large sample to obtain real and reliable data, with the aim of revealing the current characteristics of the psychological suzhi of ethnic minority college students and establishing the psychological suzhi norms of Chinese ethnic minority college students based on the large sample data.
In Study 1, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 9 schools in Liaoning, Shaanxi, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi for questionnaire survey. A total of 2005 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 81.40%. Among them, 1,249 are Han students and 756 are ethnic minority students. The psychological suzhi of college students was investigated by using the CSPS-SV. The questionnaire consisted of 27 questions, including cognitive quality, personality quality, and adaptive ability, and adopted five-point Likert scoring without reverse scoring questions. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was carried out on the responses to each item of the CSPS-SV. The results showed that the skewness value and kurtosis value of each item were significant. Therefore, the robust maximum likelihood estimation method, which is suitable for estimating data with non-normal distributions, is selected for data analysis in this study. The results of the single-group confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit of the CSPS-SV was better for both Han and minority college students. The measurement invariance test shows that the questionnaire has no significant difference in configural, weak, strong, and strict invariance, that is, it has sufficient measurement invariance between Han and minority college students.
In Study 2, an effective sample size of about 7,000 people is planned to be drawn according to the ratio of four out of thousands of the total minority undergraduate students in China's higher education. The sampling process considered the diversity of ethnic minorities in China, their regional distribution, and balanced demographic variables such as gender, grade, and family residence. In the end, 6,689 valid questionnaires were collected from undergraduates of 48 ethnic minorities, yielding an effective response rate of 76.57%. The results show that, overall, the psychological suzhi score of ethnic minority college students is higher and presents a negative skew distribution, indicating that most of the students'psychological suzhi score tends to be higher. From the perspective of subdimensions, the score of personality quality is significantly higher, and the score of cognitive quality and adaptive ability is at the medium level. In terms of demographic characteristics, the cognitive quality score of male students was significantly higher than that of female students. At grade level, psychological suzhi and scores of all dimensions showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with grade increase. In terms of family residence, the total scores for cognitive quality and psychological suzhi demonstrate a three-tiered decline from provincial capitals and prefectural cities to county towns and townships, and finally to rural areas. Additionally, this study established a national norm for psychological suzhi among minority college students.
This study extends the psychological suzhi of Han college students to ethnic minority college students, enriches the content of psychological suzhi research on Chinese college students, and lays the foundation for the subsequent psychological suzhi assessment and related research on ethnic minority college students. At the same time, the results of this study also reveal the characteristics of both common and different psychological qualities of Han and minority college in Chinese culture.

Key words: minority college students, psychological suzhi, measurement invariance, characteristics, norms

摘要： 采用问卷调查形式,探究我国少数民族大学生心理素质现状与特点。通过整群随机抽样,使用大学生心理素质问卷（简化版）（College Student Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire-Simplified Version,CSPS-SV）对1249名汉族学生和756名少数民族学生进行调查,结果显示CSPS-SV在汉族和少数民族大学生群体间具有测量等值性。通过分层整群抽样,对来自48个少数民族的6689名大学生进行调查。结果表明,少数民族大学生的心理素质整体表现良好,但认知品质和适应能力仍需加强。不同性别、年级和家庭居住地的少数民族大学生心理素质得分差异显著。基于此,编制了少数民族大学生心理素质全国常模。

关键词: 少数民族大学生, 心理素质, 测量等值, 现状特点, 常模