This research was a longitudinal study to explore the influence of self-control of 4-year-old children on their social adaption at 7 and 11 years-old. Children’s self-control was observed in the laboratory, and social adaption was measured with questionnaire. The results were as follows: （1） Significantly difference of self-control was found for 4-year-old children; （2） Children’s self-control at the age of 4 years old predicted their external and internal problem behavior at 7 years old negatively; （3） Children’s self-control at the age of 4 years old predicted their external and learning problem behavior at 7 years old negatively; （4） Children’s self-control at the age of 4 years old predicted their external problem behavior at 11 years old negatively; （5） Children’s self-control at the age of 4 years old predicted their external problem behavior at 11 years old negatively，but predicted their frustration tolerance positively.