Abstract Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of the sleep quality. Although everybody hopes a good sleep, many people including master graduate students are troubled by the poor sleep quality. Which psychological factors can make obvious impact on the sleep quality? How are effect mechanisms of the psychological factors on the sleep quality? The researches about such problems are still relatively scarce and not deep enough. In order to further clarify the psychological effect factors and their action mechanisms on the sleep quality, this research explores the effect mechanisms from multiple psychological angles including stress response, emotion and personality traits, and establishes their action model to provide scientific basis for improving the master graduate students’sleep quality . A total of 581 master graduate students were recruited from five universities in Harbin by convenient cluster sampling. All participants’perceived stress, state anxiety, trait anxiety, perfectionism and sleep quality were measured with self-reported questionnaires which included Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (CFMPS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). All data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results firstly indicated that each two among all variables showed significant correlation. Secondly, perceived stress had significant direct and positive impact on sleep quality, which can explain more than 3/4 of the effect of perceived stress on the sleep quality. Meanwhile it also affected sleep quality through the state anxiety indirectly. Thirdly, trait anxiety had no direct significant impact on sleep quality, it affected sleep quality through the perceived stress and state anxiety indirectly, and the pathway involving the perceived stress was more important which can explain nearly 2/3 of the effect of trait anxiety on the sleep quality. In addition, maladaptive perfectionism had significant direct impact on sleep quality, and it also can affect sleep quality indirectly through trait anxiety pathway which was the same important as the direct pathway. On the contrary, adaptive perfectionism had no significant direct effect on sleep quality, but it can affected sleep quality indirectly through the trait anxiety, perceived stress and state anxiety. Finally, the total effect of state anxiety, perceived stress, trait anxiety and maladaptive perfectionism on sleep quality quantity was .22, .284, .368 and .468 in turn, which indicated that their effects on sleep quality increased gradually. This study findings clearly show the effect mechanisms of many psychological factors on the master graduate students' sleep quality. Moreover, the findings highlight the more important and fundamental effects of personality traits including perfectionism and trait anxiety than perceived stress and state anxiety on the sleep quality. Therefore, the approches of improving personality traits including perfectionism and trait anxiety should be payed more attention to promote sleep quality. Generally speaking, the study presents possible direction of improving master graduate student' sleep quality. On the one hand, the reduce of the state anxiety and especially the perceived stress can improve sleep quality. On the other hand, the decrease of the maladaptive perfectionism and increase of the adaptive perfectionism can basically reduce trait anxiety, and then lessen perceived stress and state anxiety further, and in the end improve the master graduate students' sleep quality. The main innovation of this study can be summarized as follows. One is the innovation in research objective. This study choosed master graduate students in China as research objective. Their sleep problems are very common, but relevant researches about them have been rare both at home and abroad. The second is the innovation in research contents. Past researches mostly involved the relationship between the two variables. This study explored the effect mechanisms of sleep quality from multiple psychological perspectives. The same research papers as this study have not yet been discovered. The last is the innovation in research results. This study presents a comprehensive action model about the effect of multiple psychological factors on sleep quality.Through the analysis of this model, the effect mechanisms of multiple psychological factors on sleep quality were revealed more deeply and detailed, which make up for the lack of past researches. On the whole, this study deepens and expands the researches about sleep quality, and it provides more clear pathways and strong scientific bases for improving sleep quality from psychological perspective.