Abstract: In our daily life, it is very important for everyone to recognize and understand ourselves and other people’s emotions correctly, and to manage and regulate these emotions properly. Thus, emotional competence has great significance for everyone’s development of metal health and physical heath. Children’s emotional competence means that children have emotional knowledge, emotional regulation and expression skills, and the ability to recognize and understand their own and others’ emotions. Children’s emotional competence plays an important role in improving their cognitive abilities, including attention and language competence. Children’s emotional competence can also increase the level of children’s mental and physical health, and improve the ability of children’s social interaction. Furthermore, children’s emotional competence can help children reduce their risk behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, aggressive behaviors and addictive behaviors. The two programs of Teaching Pyramid and Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies have the same goals which are in order to improve children’s social-emotional competence and decrease their emotional and behavioral problems. In order to improve children's coping skills under stressful situations, the researchers developed a Fun Friends Project. In this project, children, families, teachers and schools are all involved in the process of intervention. In China, Kou Yu et al. (2006) developed a comprehensive intervention project to enhance children’s emotional competence. In addition, the Ministry of Education and China Association for Science and technology developed the science education experiment ‘Learning by Doing’ which also contributed the development of children’s emotional competence. Therefore, from the perspectives of improving the outside environment and increasing their abilities, these projects effectively decreased children’s emotional and behavioral problems, improved their abilities of emotional recognition, emotional management and emotional regulation. Currently, the topic of children’s emotional competence had drawn great attentions by some researchers. However, there are still many issues to be explored further in this field. Researches in the future are suggested to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of children’s emotional competence, prepare special questionnaires and perfect its interventions. In a word, emotional competence is an issue of individual life-span development, and it is very important for children’s growth and development, in the future, the majority of researchers should continue to explore and study children’s emotional competence more deeply.

Key words: Children’s emotional competence, cognitive abilities, physical and mental health, social interaction, risk behaviors, interventions

摘要： 儿童情绪胜任力是指儿童拥有情绪知识，对自身和他人的情绪进行识别和理解，并调节和表达自身情绪的一种综合能力，它在提高儿童的认知能力、促进其身心健康发展、提高社会交往能力以及减少儿童危险行为等方面都有重要作用。研究者开展了以儿童情绪和行为问题改善、压力应对能力提高及情绪识别和管理能力提升为目标的干预项目。未来可进一步探究学校、老师、同伴及儿童自身的人格特点等对其情绪胜任力发展的影响及作用机制，并可从增加个性化干预及提升干预长期效果等视角进一步完善干预措施。

关键词: 儿童情绪胜任力, 认知能力, 身心健康, 社会交往, 危险行为, 干预措施