Abstract: Cooperative behavior refers to the behavior or intention of individuals or groups in order to achieve common goals and interests. According to the previous related researches, cooperative behavior not only can maximize the common interests of society and fundamentally solve all kinds of social contradictions, conflicts, crises and dilemmas; as one of the main forms of pro-social behavior, cooperative behavior but also can increase the probability of individual survival and reproduction, promote the formation of human language, and enhance the productivity and economic performance as well. Therefore, cooperative behavior is of great significance to the survival and development of all us mankind. However, the previous studies of cooperative behavior were mostly concentrated on the development trend of age, influencing factors and socioeconomic functions of cooperative behavior. What’s more, most of the research subjects were limited to get researches on infants, children, adolescents and organizations. However, few studies explored the evolution, influencing mechanism and neural basis of cooperative behavior from the perspective of cultural differences between different cultures. In view of this, this study is based on the perspective of cultural differences, aiming at exploring the evolution of cooperative behavior, the influence mechanism and the formation of its neural basis. In this way, our purpose is to construct the social cognitive mediation mechanism between culture and individual cooperative behavior, and it can also help us to explain cultural differences in other areas of individual behavior. To be more specific, first of all, this study discusses the importance of cooperative behavior to human society, and explained the evolution of cooperation behavior and it’s cultural differences from self construction model, cultural adaptation theory and realistic conflict theory. Secondly, this research took empathy, attribution, cognitive style, aggressive cognition and values for instance, and constructed the influence intermediary mechanism between different cultures and individual cooperative behavior with social cognition; Thirdly, this study also discussed and collected the cultural differences of cognitive neural mechanisms; Finally, on the basis of papers mentioned above, this study proposed the social cognitive mediation model of cooperative behavior in the cultural influence, and conducted a further confirmation for the mediating mechanism that influences the cooperative behavior through the social cognitive activities in the neurophysiological layer, and also pointed out the deficiencies and limitations of the model mentioned above, such as the imperfection of the mediating role of social cognition , the lack of empirical results support the neural mechanism of attribution, the insufficiency of the cross-cultural differences and consistency for the social cognitive activities of empathy, attribution, etc. Meanwhile, this study pointed out the neural mechanism of social cognitive activities in different cultural backgrounds for the empathy, attribution, field cognitive style, moral disengagement, aggressive cognition and values and so on. The further exploration will be made on how to contact with individual cooperative behavior and the lack of ecological validity of present research paradigm and experimental task of cooperative behavior, etc. As a result, future researches can be carried out based on the social cognitive content and neural mechanism of the cultural differences of cooperative behavior from an empirical perspective.

Key words: cultural differences, cooperative behavior, neural mechanism

摘要： 合作行为是指个体或群体之间为了实现共同的目标和利益而进行的协同行为或意向。本文基于行为-认知-大脑的三重映射关系，对合作行为的文化差异性进行了深入阐释，并在此基础上构建了文化影响合作行为的社会认知中介模型；未来研究可从实证视角对合作行为文化差异的社会认知内容、认知神经机制等方面进行验证、挖掘和改善。

关键词: 文化差异, 合作行为, 认知神经机制