According to the social information processing (SIP) model, when interpreting social information, some people may be inclined to interpret the behaviors of others in ambiguous situations as hostile intent, this is known as hostile attribution bias. Hostile attribution bias is an important cognitive mechanism that underlies the development of aggression. Reactive aggression and proactive aggression are two major subtypes of aggression. Reactive aggression refers to defensive, retaliatory aggressive response, which in response to real or perceived provocative stimulus. Proactive aggression involves a purposeful planned attack with an external or internal reward as a goal. Both aggressions may lead to serious social problems, and even criminal offenses. However, there is still lack of investigation on the longitudinal relationship between hostile attribution bias with reactive and proactive aggression, and the dynamic mechanism of the effect of hostile attribution bias on reactive aggression is not clear. There may be some emotional dynamic factors involved the relationship between hostile attribution bias and reactive aggression. In summary, the present study aimed to address these two issues through two studies. In study 1, a total of 529 undergraduate students (212 males and 317 females; mean age =20.74 years, SD=0.97) were investigated twice, with an interval of six months between each test. Using longitudinal study to explore the relationship between hostile attribution bias (measured by Word Sentence Association Paradigm for Hostility scale, WSAP- Hostility) and proactive aggression, reactive aggression (measured by Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, RPQ). All measures showed good reliabilities. The results suggested that, when controlling for the gender and age, hostile attribution bias at wave 1 can predict reactive aggression at wave 2, while can’t predict proactive aggression across time. To test the mediation role of revenge motivation (measured by Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory, TRIM), which involves to feelings of righteous indignation correspond to a motivation to seek revenge or see harm come to the offender. 521 participants (181 males and 340 females; mean age =20.33 years, SD=1.07) were investigated using a set of three questionnaires (including WSAP- Hostility, RPQ, TRIM) in Study 2. The findings support the view that revenge motivation is a mediate mechanism underlying the relationship between hostile attribution bias and reactive aggression. In ambiguous provoked situations (e.g., interpersonal conflict, physical conflict), those with a high hostile attribution bias are more likely to induce their internal motivation to retaliate against the offender, which then becomes the driving dynamic mechanism for the individual to engage reactive aggression. However, those individuals who with low hostile attribution bias can restrain the desire to revenge, thus reducing the generation of reactive aggression. This study expands our understanding regarding the relationship between hostile attribution bias and proactive aggression, reactive aggression and suggests that hostile attribution bias mainly plays an important role in the formation of reactive aggression, but not that in proactive aggression. Meanwhile, an effect of certain aggressive motivational mechanism (i.e., revenge motivation) in the predict role of hostile attribution bias on reactive aggression was found. The exploration of the underlying motivation mechanism through revenge motivation that hostile attribution bias influences reactive aggression can deepen the understanding of the formation and development of reactive aggression.