Abstract: Trust encompasses one’s willingness to take certain risks based on an expectation of other's behavior in order to obtain positive results in the future. Trust is the basis of interpersonal communication and plays an important role in maintaining social stability and harmony. A great deal of interest in trust has been expressed by scholars of different disciplines and specialties, however, the effects of the subcomponents of cognitive control (i.e. inhibition control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory updating) and objective risk on trust behavior are still unclear. Investigating the effects of subcomponents of cognitive control and objective risk on trust can help us to explore the underlying mechanism of trust behavior and provide guidance for reality. In Experiment 1, by combining trust game paradigm and Simon task, we examined the effects of inhibitory control by manipulating stimulus-response consistency (consistent vs. inconsistent), and the effects of objective risk by manipulating the risk of trust outcome (high risk vs. low risk) on trust behavior. The trust rate (number of trust decision in the total trials) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded. The results found a significant main effect of stimulus-response consistency in RTs, and the RTs in inconsistent condition were longer than that in consistent condition. The main effect of consistency in RTs suggested that inhibitory control can operate on the response organization stage of trust behavior. A significant main effect of objective risk in trust rate was found to show higher trust rate under low risk condition, relative to high risk condition. In Experiment 2, by combining trust game paradigm and task switching paradigm, we investigated the effects of cognitive flexibility by manipulating task switching (switching vs. no switching), and the effects of objective risk (high risk vs. low risk) on trust behavior. The results found a significant main effect of task switching in trust rate, showing a lower rate in switching condition, relative to no switching condition. The main effect of task switching in trust rate suggested that cognitive flexibility can operate on the trust decision stage of trust behavior. Moreover, a main effect of objective risk in trust rate was found, similarly as that in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, by combining trust game paradigm and working memory paradigm in dual task, we investigated the effects of working memory updating by manipulating working memory load (high load vs. low load) and the effects of objective risk (high risk vs. low risk) on trust behavior. A significant main effect of working memory load was found, showing lower trust rate in high load condition. The main effect of task switching in trust rate suggested that cognitive flexibility can operate on the trust decision stage of trust behavior. Furthermore, a similar main effect of objective risk on trust rate as Experiment 1 and 2 was found. These results indicated the effects of the three cognitive control subcomponents on trust behavior, but the influence of subcomponents were different. Specifically, inhibition control could affect the response organization stage (evident in RTs), while cognitive flexibility and working memory updating could affect the trust decision stage (evident in trust rate). Meanwhile, the impact of objective risk was stable and be consistent across scenarios. However, the results that no significant interaction among subcomponents and objective risk suggested the relatively independent processing of them. In sum, the present study clarified the underlying mechanism of trust behavior based on the view of cognitive control and objective risk, and could provide some evidence for the suggestions of reality.

Key words: trust, cognitive control, inhibition control, cognitive flexibility, working memory updating, objective risk

摘要： 信任是良好人际关系的基础，在维系社会稳定和谐中起着重要作用。然而，认知控制的子成分（抑制控制、认知灵活性和工作记忆刷新）与客观风险对信任行为的影响机制尚不明确。研究通过三个实验，在控制客观风险高低的同时，分别对刺激—反应一致性、任务转换和工作记忆负载进行操纵，进而考察抑制控制、认知灵活性、工作记忆刷新和客观风险对信任行为的影响。结果发现，抑制控制在反应时上表现出差异，刺激—反应一致条件下被试做出信任的反应时更快；认知灵活性和工作记忆刷新在信任率上表现出差异，不转换条件和低工作记忆负载条件下被试的信任率更高。结果表明，抑制控制主要影响反应组织过程，即为了解决反应冲突而需要更长时间做出反应；认知灵活性和工作记忆刷新则会影响个体的信任决策过程，决定了个体的信任行为表现。此外，研究中还发现客观风险高低表现出跨情景一致性，即三个实验中高风险条件下信任率均显著低于低风险条件，表明客观风险对信任行为的影响具有相对稳定性。研究探讨了认知控制三个子成分和客观风险高低对信任行为产生影响的加工机制，对现实生活中的信任行为有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 信任 认知控制 抑制控制 认知灵活性 工作记忆刷新 客观风险