Voice is one of the important symbols of individual recognition. Self-voice recognition refers to whether an individual can accurately identify his or her own voice in the recording. An individual can recognize his or her own voice reflects whether he or she has a normal consciousness of self. Therefore, self-voice recognition is very important for an individual. The individual understands the speaker from five aspects: indexicality, intonation, body, imitation and internalization. First of all, from the perspective of the psychological mechanism of self-voice recognition, the self-voice perceived by human beings in the recording is different from the normal self-voice perceived. The voice in the recording only contains air-conducted voice but lacks bone-conducted voice and it exists at frequencies below 1000Hz. Studies found that individuals showed self-confrontation when they listen to their own voices on the tape. There is a difference between high self-esteem individuals and low self-esteem individuals in self-confrontation and then affect self-voice recognition cognitive processing. Previous studies on individual self-recognition have different results. Speci?cally, results of some studies show that individuals exist cognitive processing advantages in self-voice recognition. The advantages are that the accuracy rate of self-voice recognition and response time is better than non-self voice recognition. But results of some studies also results show that the advantages of cognitive processing in self-voice recognition disappear. According to previous studies, there are two factors that affect the cognitive processing of self-voice. One hand is objective factor that lacks bone-conducted voice in the recording. The other hand is subjective factor that because differences in the level of individual motivation. Speci?cally, the acoustic cues of the voice, such as fundamental frequency and formant frequency, or the difference of individual self-esteem level can lead to different results of self-recognition processing on voice. For example, when the frequency below the F3 formant frequency is filtered, the individual's self-recognition will have an advantage. Individuals with high self-esteem have cognitive processing advantage when they recognize their own voice, while individuals with low self-esteem have the opposite result. As far as the Neural Mechanism of self-voice recognition is concerned that a PET study found that when individuals recognize their own voices, the right frontal area is activated. An fMRI study of cross-modal also found that individuals activate the right frontal of the brain when they recognize their own voices. An ERP study show that a significant difference P3 components between self-voice recognition and non-self voice recognition when an individual carries out self-voice cognitive processing. After study showed that in the early stage of voice recognition, N2 always has a larger amplitude of self-voice recognition than non-self voice recognition. In a word, at present, the study of self-voice recognition mainly focuses on its cognitive processing mechanism and corresponding Neural Mechanism . However, the voice belongs to the social attribute and self-representation, and whether there is difference in the individual's self-voice recognition in different cultures has not been explored. The study of self-voice recognition was first associated with self-deception, which is a self-serve bias and related to the self-protection motivation emphasized in evolutionary psychology. Therefore, it is an important direction to explore self-voice recognition under the perspective of evolutionary psychology.